Potential pollinators and paleoecological aspects of Eocene Ludwigia (Onagraceae) from Eckfeld, Germany

Autor(en)

Christian Geier, Johannes M. Bouchal, Silvia Ulrich, Dieter Uhl, Torsten Wappler, Sonja Wedmann, Reinhard Zetter, Jürg Schönenberger, Fridgeir Grimsson

Abstrakt

Paleogene flower-insect interactions and paleo-pollination processes are, in general, poorly understood and fossil evidence for such floral and faunal interactions are rarely reported. To shed light on angiosperm flower-insect interactions, we investigated several hundred fossil flowers and insects from the middle Eocene Fossil Lagerstätte of Eckfeld, Germany. During our work, we discovered a unique fossil Ludwigia flower (bud) with in situ pollen. The ecological preferences (climate, biome, habitat, etc.) of extant Ludwigia and the paleoecological configurations of the fossil plant assemblage support the taxonomic affiliation of the flower bud and an Eocene presence of Ludwigia in the vicinity of the former Lake Eckfeld. Today’s Ludwigia are mostly pollinated by Hymenoptera (bees). Therefore, we screened all currently known hymenopteran fossils from Eckfeld but found no Ludwigia pollen adhering to any of the specimens. On the contrary, we discovered Ludwigia pollen adhering to two different groups of Coleoptera (beetles). Our study suggests that during the Eocene of Europe, Ludwigia flowers were visited and probably pollinated by beetles and over time there was a shift in primary flower visitors/pollinators, from beetles to bees, sometime during the late Paleogene to Neogene.

Organisation(en)

Department für Botanik und Biodiversitätsforschung, Institut für Urgeschichte und Historische Archäologie

Externe Organisation(en)

Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn

Journal

Palaeoworld

Band

33

Seiten

1079-1104

Anzahl der Seiten

26

ISSN

1871-174X

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2023.07.003

Publikationsdatum

2023

Peer-reviewed

Ja

ÖFOS 2012

105117 Paläobotanik, 106012 Evolutionsforschung

Schlagwörter

ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete

Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Palaeontology, Stratigraphy

Link zum Portal

https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/de/publications/59b6c818-c852-4866-aee9-2da4c267f03e